Measles outbreaks have been on the rise in England, particularly in the West Midlands and London, with a significant increase in cases reported by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA). Health officials are recommending the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine as the latest figures show that vaccination rates are at their lowest level in over a decade.
Measles is a highly contagious disease transmitted by coughs and sneezes. While it typically resolves within seven to 10 days, it can result in serious complications such as pneumonia, meningitis, blindness, and seizures if it affects other parts of the body. Vulnerable populations including infants, young children, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems are at higher risk.
The incidence of measles has been rising in recent years, with 1,603 suspected cases reported in England and Wales in 2023, a significant increase from 735 cases in 2022 and 360 in 2021. Measles vaccinations were introduced in the UK in 1968, and the current two-dose MMR jab has been in use since 1996. However, concerns over a false link between the vaccine and autism led to a drop in vaccination rates.
Symptoms of measles include high fever, coughing, sneezing, and a red or brown rash that typically appears on the face and behind the ears before spreading to the rest of the body. The virus is spread through tiny droplets released when an infected person coughs or sneezes, making it highly contagious.
The NHS recommends taking paracetamol or ibuprofen to relieve symptoms, resting, and staying hydrated if infected with measles. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms such as shortness of breath, high fever, or confusion occur.
The MMR vaccine is typically given to children at 12 months and around three years and four months, but adults and children of any age can receive the vaccine. Most side effects of the vaccine are mild and short-lived. Those who cannot have the MMR vaccine can request an alternative version called Priorix.
Measles outbreaks continue to be a cause for concern, especially as vaccination rates remain lower than desired. It is essential for individuals to stay informed about the risks of measles and to take appropriate measures to protect themselves and others.
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